Dr. M.R. Biju(B.1965), currently working as Director of Asian Institute of Development Research (AIDR), Editor of South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS) , Associate Professor and Head, Post Graduate and Reaserch Department of Political Science, Sree Narayana College, Kollam, Kerala. In 2004 he was conferred with Post- Doctoral Research Award by the University Grants Commission for his exemplary contribution to the field of decentralised governance. He is heading two major research projects on Panchayati Raj funded by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Govt. of India and University Grants Commission, New Delhi.

 

Dr. Biju is a prolific writer on socio-political and developmental issues. He has published 22 out-standing books and 104 research papers in the prestigious journals viz., Economic and Political Weekly, Mainstream, The Atlantic Journal of World Affairs, South Asia Politics, The Indian Journal of Political Science, Journal of Political Studies, The Indian Journal of Political Studies, South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies, Grassroots Governance Journal, Punjab Journal of Politics, Meerut Journal of Politics and Public Administration, Journal of the Institute for the Study of Developing Areas, Kurukshetra, Yojana etc. Some of these have been abstracted in the International Political Science Abstracts, Paris. He is also working as Member, Associate Board of the renowned Management Journal-Economics and Management (E+M) Published by the Technical University of Liberce, Czech Republic.

 

His books include, 1) Politics of Democracy and Decentralization in India (Atlantic, New Delhi, 1997), (2) Dynamics of New Panchayati Raj System: Reflections and Retrospections (Kanishka, New Delhi, 1998), (3) Parliamentary Democracy and Political Change in India (Kanishka, New Delhi, 1999), (4) India’s Foreign Policy: Towards a New Millennium (National, Jaipur, 2000), (5) Human Rights in a Developing Society (Ed.) (Mittal, New Delhi, 2005), (6) Women’s Empowerment: Politics and Policies (Ed.) (Mittal, New Delhi, 2006), (7) Sustainable Dimensions of Tourism Management (Ed.) (Mittal, New Delhi, 2006), (8) Development Management under Globalization (Ed.) (Mittal, New Delhi, 2006), (9) Decentralization: An Indian Experience (Ed.) (National, Jaipur, 2006), (10) Resurgent Rural India - Decade After the Constitutionalization of Panchayati Raj (Authors Press, New Delhi, 2006), (11) New Horizons of Indian Foreign Policy (Ed.) (Authors Press, New Delhi, 2006), (12) Good Governance and Administrative Practices. (Ed.) (Mittal, New Delhi, 2007), (13) Democratic Political Process. (Ed.) (Mittal,NewDelhi, 2008), (14) Tourism Under Globalisation (Authors Press, Delhi, 2008). (15) Financial Management of Panchayati Raj System (Kanishka, New Delhi, 2008). (16) Panchayati Raj System in India: Participatory Democracy and Decentralised Governance (Kanishka, New Delhi, 2008). (17) Panchayati Raj System in India: Towards Sustainable Rural Development (Kanishka, New Delhi, 2008) and (18) Democracy in the Modern World: The Indian Experience-Two Volumes(Kanishka, New Delhi, 2009), (19) Strategic Management, Social Security and Banking Sector Reforms: Issues and Concerns(Authors Press, New Delhi, 2010), (20) Development Issues in Contemporary India (Concept, New Delhi-2010), (21) Rural Development under Decentralized Governance (Concept, New Delhi-in Press) and (22) Gender, Ethnicity, Insurgency and Democracy: Emerging issues and Challenges (New Century Publications, New Delhi, in Press).

 

Dr. Biju obtained his PhD on Panchayati Raj in Kerala in 1991 and started his career in the Institute of Social-Sciences, New Delhi in a research project on the Present status and Future Prospects of Panchayati Raj in India. In 1994 he joined in the faculty of Post Graduate and Research Department of Political Science, Sree Narayana College, Kollam, University of Kerala. Dr. Biju has successfully guided doctoral students of University of Kerala and also been serving in the Grassroots Governance Journal and the Indian Journal of Education, Politics and Administration as Member of the Editorial Advisory Board. Dr. Biju is a Life Member of several academic and professional bodies including Indo - American Centre for International Studies, Indian Political Science Association, Indian Society of Gandhian Studies, All India Panchayat Parishad, Kerala Academy of Social Sciences.

 

Details of Books Published by Dr. M.R. Biju

(As on 1st February 2011)

 

(1) Politics of Democracy and Decentralisation in India
Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, B-2, Vishal Enclave, New Delhi-110027
E-mail: gupta.atlantic@axcess.net.in
ISBN 81-7156-705-3, Year 1997, Rs. 275/- Pp: 164

Kerala’s development experiments and experiences are of profound significance throughout the globe. This handy Volume is a collection of twelve papers which deals with hetrogeneous topics ranging from Pancnayati Raj, Municipal Administration, Financial Administration, Electoral Politics and Politics of Development. These papers will help to throw light on the transformation of the State polity during the recent past. Papers can be broadly categorised under three major captions — Politics of Democracy, Decentralisation and Development. The focus of attention in the first five chapters is on the inestimable impact of the modern political forces — political parties, interest groups and pressure groups — on Kerala Polity. Special attention is paid to assess and evaluate the electoral process, voting behaviour, participation of women and weaker sections in its dynamism. Chapters six to eleven depict on the origin, growth and performance of the Civic bodies—both rural and urban — on Kerala. This pan is of paramount importance because of the adoption of the 73rd and 74th Constitution Amendment Acts by the Centre and its ratification by the State. The central theme of discussion in the concluding chapter is to evaluate the various developmental measures carried out by the state for the upliftment of weaker sections of Kerala.

(2) Dynamics of New Panchayati Raj System: Reflections and Retrospections
Kanishka Publishers and Distributors, 4697/5-21A, Ansari Road,
Darya Gang, New Delhi-110002
ISBN 81-7391-200-9, Year 1998, Rs. 595/- Pp: 368
Since independence greater emphasis has been laid on the Socio-economic planning policy of India for promoting an appropriate rural infra-structure and promoting an overall development. In view of this the concept of Panchayati Raj was launched in late 50’s to evoke popular enthusiasm and Co-operation in the process of socio-economic advancement of the nation. Panchayati Raj has passed through dour distinct phases within its short span of time—phases of ascendency stagnation, decline and revival. In real sense the Panchayati Raj Institutions got a clear momentum with the passing of the constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act, 1992 by the centre and its ratification by the states. With this legislation the PRIs has attained statutory status and all most all states have enacted legislations in confirmity with the Amendment. Kerala is certainly not an exception. The idea behind this volume is obviously to stimulate the researcher and the general reader a deeper interest and insight in the problems of grassroot democracy in general and Panchayat administration in particular. This book is written at a time when the Kerala Panchayati Raj system has entered a new era of revival with the passing of Kerala Panchayati Raj Act, 1994 and the launching of People’s campaign for decentralised planning, a unique model for the rest of the nation. In this study a modest attempt is made not only to survey historically the growth and decay of ancient panchayats but also to discuss analytically the present structure, functions, powers, personnel, problems, financial management and people’s participation. The author has also paid special attention to discuss the role of PRIs in connection with pollution problem and weaker sections, both are new areas of concern now a days. Therefore this study may give new dimensions to the hither to traditional studies of PRIs in Indian literature.

(3)Parliamentary Democracy and Political Change in India
Kanishka Publishers and Distributors, 4697/5-21A, Ansari Road,
Darya Gang, New Delhi-110002
ISBN 81-7391-283-1, Year 1999, Rs. 595/- Pp: 344
The constitution of India has established a parliamentary form of governance in the country. But the governmental system as established by Law has undergone radical changes with the passage of time, particularly after the collapse of one party rule at the centre and in a number of states. In the process of change a series of new trends have emerged in Indian politics.
The electoral history of India since 1952 depicts upset wins and shocking defeats, but the dramatic results in the 1991,1996 and 1998 elections went on to change the course of Indian polity. The 1998 elections mark a watershed in the history of democratic experiment in the country with the diversity and pluralism, which has tightened its hold on India’s political process. But the rise of regional parties should not be viewed as a reason for worry, but it should be considered as a symbol of vibrancy of Indian dem ocr acy Moreover, the Indian political system has developed enough maturity and resilience to cope with a fair amount of instability and internal conflict. This volume is ai indepth study of the interplay of thi shifting paradigms of Indian polity. Th covers some of the key aspects of India: government and politics, which confror our polity—viz., electoral politic; electoral behaviour; electoral reform; women’s participation; lokpal; urban loci governance; rural planning proces people’s participation; Gandhian idea of decentralisation; National Agenda fi Governance etc. I hope the volume w provide sound academic atmosphere f all those who are genuinly interested studying contemporary problems beii faced by the national politics of India.

(4)India’s Foreign Policy: Towards a New Millennium
National Publishing House, 337, Chaura Rasta, Jaipur-302003
ISBN 81-86803-74-2, Year 2000, Rs. 800/- Pp: 604
India’s Foreign Policy is the net result of an interplay of complex forces, viz., history, geography, domestic environment, ideology and the influence of its national leaders. The transformation that the country has witnessed over the past fifty-two years has been an important aspect of the changing world. India accounts for nearly one-fifth of all humanity and what we have achieved or are capable of achieving, influences the potential for change everywhere. The present volume is intended to present a general appraisal of major aspects of India’s Foreign Policy from 1957 to 1999- India’s foreign policy was formulated by Pt. Nehru, sustained by Shastri, faithfully followed
by Indira Gandhi, developed to new heights by Rajiv Gandhi, Narasimha Rao, I.K. Gujral and A.B. Vajpayee.
In this well-researched and scholarly work, a modest attempt has been made by Dr. M .R. Biju to explore the areas of co-operation and confrontation, while keeping in mind the various determinants—internal and external. In his study Dr. Biju argues that, India’s relations with its neighbours are of paramount importance to the future of this region, its development and security.
The volume contains eight chapters which are intended to provide a perspective on Indian foreign policy in the past five decades as well as projection of challenges that lie ahead for India in the new millennium. The subjects covered in this volume touch on some key bilateral areas that Indian foreign policy would need to look at in the years to come.

(5)Human Rights in a Developing Society (Ed.)
Mittal Publications, A-110, Mohan Garden, New Delhi-110059
E-mail: mittalp@ndf.vsnl.net.in
ISBN 81-8324-084-4, Year 2005, Rs. 695/- Pp: 318
The concept of human rights assumed importance globally during the past few decades. Ever since the proclamation of Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the term human rights has gained currency and has become a crucial element of philosophical, social and political debates. While there is increasingly widespread concern for universal respect and observance of human rights, gross violation of internationally recognised norms continue unabated in almost all parts of the globe. Countless people around the world suffer from hunger, disease and lack of opportunity, and they are being denied the enjoyment of the most basic economic, social and cultural rights. In a developing society like India, where around fifty percent of the population is living below the poverty line and around seventy percent of the population is illiterate and a large number of men and women are living a life of degradation and destitution, misery and suffering, this subject assumes much greater importance. A number of the fundamental human rights and freedoms enshrined in the Indian Constitution have remained on paper and this compels many to rethink about India’s commitment and seriousness for these issues. There is a wide gap between rhetoric and reality and sometimes human rights appear more or less a myth in India.
Against this background, this anthology of articles contributed by renowned academicians, jurists, and experienced administrators embodies critical analysis of various aspects of human rights, both in theoretical and practical terms, and makes valuable suggestions for uplifting human rights awareness in India. The volume contains in-depth and illuminating discussions on wide ranging issues and areas of human rights, viz., public law of human rights, impact of globalizatipn on human rights, police and human rights, human rights and self-descriptive communities, human rights and empowerment, child labour and human rights, constitutional position of human rights and tribal development and human rights.

(6)Women's Empowerment: Politics and Policies (Ed.)
Mittal Publications, A-110, Mohan Garden, New Delhi-110059
E-mail: mittalp@ndf.vsnl.net.in
ISBN 81-8324-062-3, Year 2006, Rs. 550/- Pp: 236
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that everyone has the right to take part/n the government of his/her country. The United Nations Economic and Social Council endorsed a target of 30 per cent women at all levels of decision-making by 1995. Inspiteof this, globally women constitute only ten per cent of legislative bodies and less in parliamentary positions. In India, the post-independence period has seen many positive steps to improve the socio-economic status of women. Women themselves have become keenly aware of their rights and are spearheading movements across the country against all sorts of social evils. This consciousness is largely due to an increase in women’s literacy although they have miles and miles to go. The most significant landmark in the journey is the historic 73rd and 74th Constitution Amendment Acts, 1992, by the Centre and its ratification by the states. These Constitution Amendment Acts reserved one-third seats for women in the Panchayati Raj and Municipal bodies. Against this background, this collection of sixteen articles contributed by renowned academicians and experienced administrators embodies critical analysis of various aspects of women’s empowerment both in practical and theoretical terms and makes valuable suggestions for uplifting their socio-political-economic conditions. The volume contains in-depth and illuminating discussions on wide ranging issues and areas of women’s empowerment viz., politics of women’s reservation in India, success stories on manipulative mechanisms, women’s reservation bill, women and grassroot politics, women in panchayati raj institutions, political empowerment through capacity building, political participation of women in SAARC region, gender issues of tribal women, socio-economic life of tribal women, empowerment of women and law, rural ‘credit and empowerment of women under self-help groups, Islam and sexual equality, gender learning perspectives of computer related attitudes, empowering women by safeguarding their human rights based on international standards and Indian law, women in grassroots participatory governance, role of women in the decentralized governance of educational sector and the role of IT for women’s empowerment.

(7)Sustainable Dimensions of Tourism Management (Ed.)
Mittal Publications, A-110, Mohan Garden, New Delhi-110059
E-mail: mittalp@ndf.vsnl.net.in
ISBN 81-8324-129-8, Year 2006, Rs. 595/- Pp: 261
Tourism is one of the world’s most rapidly growing industries and it has emerged as a fast growing sector in terms of employment and income generation. Its contribution to the world economy is very significant. World Travel and Tourism Council has identified tourism as the world’s most rapidly developing industry and its contribution to the world economy has almost doubled from 1990s. Besides employment generation, tourism sector has played a pivotal role in poverty alleviation and sustainable human development.
The concept of tourism is very complex to define though several attempts have been made by renowned writers to explain it. The international dictionary of tourism points out that ‘tour’ in English .and in French means a journey, a circulative trip. The 19th century dictionary defines ‘tourists’ “as people who travel for pleasure of travelling out of curiosity and because they have nothing better to do,” and even “for the joy of boasting about it afterwards.” Conceptually tourism arises from the movement of people to, and their stay in, different destinations. The ‘journey’ is the dynamic element in it and the ‘stay’ static. Against this background this collection of papers contributed by renowned writers, academicians and experienced administrators in the field of hospitality management embodies critical analysis of various aspects of tourism industry, both in theoretical and practical terms and makes concrete suggestions for revamping the tourism industry in India. The volume has been divided into three broad categories. The introductory part examines the global, national and regional evolution of tourism secto/!’ “tfte second part unfolds the recent issues and facets in tourism viz., geographical information system, strategic management, health, marketing strategies, sustainable development, service quality, personalization, natural environment, eco tourism and the impact of terrorism on tourism industry. The concluding part presents a few micro level studies from an experimental perspective.

Development Management under Globalization (Ed.)
Mittal Publications, A-110, Mohan Garden, New Delhi-110059
E-mail: mittalp@ndf.vsnl.net.in
ISBN 81-8324-162-X, Year 2006, Rs. 695/- Pp: 310
The Indian development experiences of the last few decades, particularly in the context of globalization and liberalization, reveals that “the greater was the degree of governmental control and the wider was the magnitude of bureaucratic regulations, the slower was the pace of economic growth and the narrower was the scope of economic development.” It shows that the economic reforms carried out in India give a mixed account of positive as well as negative impacts. The positive impacts include revival of the growth process and achieving a higher growth in employment and a steady improvement in the balance of payment situation. A creditable achievement was the build up of large amount of foreign exchange reserves. But the reforms have not succeeded in achieving sound macro-economic balances with regard to revenue and expenditure of Central Government. Another major negative impact was the acceleration of the inflationary trends in the economy. The increase in inflation had considerably reduced the purchasing power and adversely affected large section of poor people in the country including the people below poverty line. Against this background, this collection of seventeen articles contributed by economists, management experts, leading columnists, and experienced administrators embodies a critical analysis of various aspects of modern management in the context of liberalization and globalization. The volume contains in depth-and illuminating discussions on wide ranging issues and areas of modern management viz., development management, genesis of banking sector reforms, economic reforms in banking sector, strategic human resource management, strategic marketing, role of the state in globalization, role ofFDI and Fll in the new economic policy, value added tax system, black money, world trade, small industry policy, customer relationship, management infrastructure, economic growth etc. The views and opinions expressed by the contributors are of immense value for policy makers, planners, administrators and academicians for restructuring and rejuvenating policies and strategies related to management issues \ in the days to come.
(9)Decentralization: An Indian Experience (Ed.)<
National Publishing House, 337, Chaura Rasta, Jaipur-302003
ISBN 81-8018-079-4, Year 2006, Rs. 925/- Pp: 535
The twenty-four papers in this volume constitutes a significant contribution to the ongoing search for alternatives to the dilemmas of India’s decentralised governance over the past fifty eight years. A distinguished array of social scientists, administrators and activists review the strength and weaknesses of decentralisation in a multi faceted manner. It provides a comprehensive review of the issues of decentralised institutions in selected states. The essays of the volume explore the issues related different aspects of grass roots democracy and provide practical solutions and guidelines on how to improve the status and provide practical solutions and guidelines on how to improve the status and position of the PRIs to carry out its responsibilities more efficiently, realistically and appropriately. The volume is a thought provoking attempt to examine the after effect of 73rd Constitution Amendment Act and its subsequent state level legislations in a scientific manner. The contributors of this volume who have in-depth knowledge and practical experience in their respective fields spanning over decades advocate some remedial measures for revamping and revitalising India’s rural local self governing institutions and to equip them to face the challenges of the new millennium. An important and timely contribution this volume has profound implications for formulating alternatives concerning the different aspects and issues of grass roots democracy in India.

(10)Resurgent Rural India - Decade After the Constitutionalization of Panchayati Raj
Authors Press, E-35, Jawahar Park, Laxmi Nagar, New Delhi-110092
E-mail: authorspress@yahoo.com. Page 335, Rs. 750/-
Ph: 011-22436299/22460145, Fax: 91-11-22460145
The operationalisation of the 73rd Constitution amendment has no doubt generated a great deal of interest among all concerned. The Panchayati Raj reforms being carried out in different states are under close scrutiny to know the extent to which the objectives of the 73rd Constitutional amendment are being met. Against this backdrop the present study, Resurgent Rural India, was undertaken with a view to examine the critical issues such as extent and effectiveness in the implementation of decentralisation, functional and financial devolution, changing role of the gram sabha, women’s participation and perception in the PRIs, rural development and PRIs in the era of globalisation and the role of the PRI’s in uplifting human rights values and ensuring social justice at the grassroots level. Fourteen years have lapsed since the 73rd Amendment came into force and the whole new generation of PRIs has had an opportunity to initiate the process of self-governance at the grassroots level. Hence, the time is ripe enough to make an analytical study of how the PRIs have evolved in various states across the nation.

(11)New Horizons of Indian Foreign Policy (Ed.)
Authors Press, E-35, Jawahar Park, Laxmi Nagar, New Delhi-110092
E-mail: authorspress@yahoo.com. Page 311, Rs. 725/-
Ph: 011-22436299/22460145, Fax: 91-11-22460145
The major thrust of India’s foreign policy has been to establish its rightful place in emerging world order. Pragmatism and pursuit of national interest without compromising on basic principles have been the guiding spirit of India’s external policy. In rapidly changing global order, external policy must be flexible enough to optimally respond to new challenges and opportunities. India’s foreign policy cannot be seen in isolation and must be viewed as an integral part of the larger efTbrt of building the nation’s capabilities through economic development, strengthening social well-being and protecting India’s sovereignty, territorial integrity and security not only in its defence and economic aspects but in widest sense of the term.
The United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government in India led by Dr. Man Mohan Singh has initiated a new debate on the Ibrcign policy of the country. Unlike the previous regimes, the UPA government opted for a cautious Ibrcign policy. Various issues pertaining to the subject were discussed and debated while drafting the Common Minimum Programme (CMP) of the UPA. The main thrust of discussion was to evolve consensus on the critical issues related to Ibrcign policy. Perhaps this is Ibr the first time, the issues of foreign policy were discussed with the coalition partners even before the Ibrmation of government. The Common Minimum Programme of the UPA government pledges to pursue an independent foreign policy and there is a commitment to promote multi-polarity in world polities and oppose all attempts at unilateralism.
Time has ripe for the UPA government to undertake a rigorous review of India’s foreign policy in .this context of the recent global development and set a course Ibr the nation that is based on the values of our own independence This volume contains a collection of research papers contributed by renowned academic and Ibrcign policy experts, embodies critical analysis of various aspects of the subject, both in theoretical and practical terms and makes valuable suggestions Ibr revamping India’s external policy. Area of discussion include, India’s Relations with Major European Powers, India - China Relations. Major Determinants in India - China Relations, Post Cold War Scenario of India - US Relations, US -India Ties After Pokhran II, US Aggression Against Iraq, India - Nepal Relations, Stress and Strains of Neighbourhood Diplomacy, Defending the Ilimalayam l-rointiers, Twists and Turns in India’s Foreign Policy, Problems of Security and Development in South Asia, Post Cold War Indian Foreign Policy etc.

(12)Good Governance and Administrative Practices. (Ed.)
Mittal Publications, A-110, Mohan Garden, New Delhi-110059. Page 225. Rs.595/-, 2007
E-mail: mittalp@ndf.vsnl.net.in
The volume highlights the issues and concerns under two broad themes-Good Governance and Administrative Practices, in the light of Indian experience. The title contains a collection of sixteen research papers and articles contributed by renowned academics, jurists and administrators. After examining the multifarious aspects of the two core areas, the distinguished contributors makes vital suggestions for revamping and revitalising the existing constrains of these areas. Areas of disccussion include, Constitutional Culture and Good Governance, Corruption, Democracy and Good Governance, E-Governance. Administrative Reforms and Good Governance, Politico-Administrative Reforms in the Information Age, Reforms for Better Representation for Ensuring Good Governance, Bureaucracy, Development and Good Governance, Reservation from Public to Private Sector, State Autonomy under Article 370, Political Factor in Growth, Development and Administration, Political Economy of Global Outsourcing, Communist Strategies in India, Gandhian Ideals for Good Governance and Role of Gandhiji and Nehru in the making of New Governance for India. The views and opinions expressed by the contributors are of immense value for policy makers, planners, administrators and academicians for restructuring and revamping policies and strategies related to good governance in the days to come.

(13)Financial Management of Panchayati Raj System
Kanishka Publishers and Distributors, 4697/5-21A, Ansari Road,
Darya Gang, New Delhi-110002, pp 373, 2008
The phenomenon of decentralization is getting popular across all the developed and the developing countries. The process of strengthening of local governments is welcome step accepted by all sections of the society. The decentralization takes place through devolution of resources and the functional responsibilities to lower level of governance. It is assumed that the local –self governance at the lowest level of decision making powers would offer socio-economic benefits and help in mobilizing more resources and efficient delivery mechanism. The devolution of resources and discharging of the functional responsibilities have assumed great importance in recent past in almost all the countries. In form of two historical amendments India has also initiated the process of decentralization. The Government has implemented the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA) for strengthening the grassroots level of governments in rural as well as urban areas.
But the functioning of the PRIs in India during the last one and a half decade shows that the state governments have not made serious or sincere attempts to endow the Panchayats with adequate functional responsibilities, powers and access to productive resources. Moreover, resource inadequacy coupled with lack of appropriate functional responsibilities and powers hade made these bodies extremely weak. With their meagre revenue base and unimpressive revenue administration, the PRIs are constrained to lead a miserable existence.
Against this backdrop, this anthology of 15 papers embodies critical analysis of various aspects of the subject and makes valuable suggestions for revamping the finances of the PRIs in India. The volume contains indepth and illuminating discussions on a wide ranging issues and areas viz., Resource Mobilisation of Local Governments, State Finance Commissions-their role and impact on LSGs, Status of GP Finances, Finances of PRIs in Andhra Pradesh, Management of Finance in the LSGs in Tamil Nadu, Decentralised Planning, Village Health Planning, Local Finance in Kerala, Impact of Economic Reforms on Rural Poor, Emerging Trends and Challenges of PR Finances in India, Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme and its Impact on PR Finance, Economic Reforms and PR, Self Help Group and PR Finance, Rural Development Banks and PR Finance, Regional Rural Banks and PR Finance etc.

(14)Panchayati Raj System in India: Towards Sustainable Development
Kanishka Publishers and Distributors, 4697/5-21A, Ansari Road,
Darya Gang, New Delhi-110002, pp 303, 2008
The government of India has initiated a number of programmes to resolve the chronic problems facing village in India. As we have adopted policies of liberalization and globalization since 1991, we will have to look at the rural development from a holistic angle rather than from the angle of compartmentalization of between the urban development and rural development, particularly became of fast changes which are taking place in all spheres of life with market driven economy.
Against this backdrop this collection of sixteen articles contains indepth and illuminating discussion on various aspects of the Sustainable Rural Development under Panchayati Raj viz., Sustainable Rural Development and Millennium Development Goals, Participatory Watershed Management Approach, Role of Panchayats Towards Sustainable Rural Development, Role of Panchayats Towards Sustainable Social Development, Rural Development and NREG Act, Social Action, Gender Equity, Kudumbashree Projects, Interweaving of Economic Growth, Environmental Protection, Rainwater Harvesting, Rural Labour Banks, Income and Assets Generation, NABARD Refinance Assistance, Trusting Attitude in Rural Talent, Community Participation in Rural Development, Role of Artisans in Rural Development etc.

(15)Panchayati Raj System in India: Participatory Democracy and Decentralised Democracy
Kanishka Publishers and Distributors, 4697/5-21A, Ansari Road,
Darya Gang, New Delhi-110002, pp 354, 2008
The development process in a developing economy will acquire a new dimension if the citizens not only associate themselves with planning and developmental programmes but also participate effectively in their implementation. Citizens participation denotes the direct involvement of citizens in the process of administrative decision making, policy formulation and its successful execution. With the passing of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts, both the PRIs and Urban local bodies were expected to plan and devolve powers for economic development and social justice. Moreover, as a result of these legislation, the depth of citizen participation especially of women has also increased in a substantial manner. Further, people are becoming more and more conscious and vigilant about their participation in the political, administrative and developmental process.
Against this backdrop this collection of fourteen articles contains indepth and illuminating discussion on various aspects of Participatory Governance and Development under Panchayati Raj viz., People’s Participation in Gram Sabha, Participatory Development through Democratic Decentralisation, Sociology and Participatory Democracy of Panchayat System, Gram Sabhas and Dominating Surpanchas, Panchayat Polls in Andhara Pradesh and Kerala, People’s Participation in Tribal areas, Participatory Planning in Andhra Pradesh, Women and Grassroot Politics, Women Leadership in Rural Tamil Nadu, Empowerment of Rural Women through IT, Socio-Economic Determinants of Women Leadership at the Grassroots etc.

(16)Democratic Political Process. (Ed.)
Mittal Publications, A-110, Mohan Garden, New Delhi-110059, Rs.795/-, 2009, page 265.
E-mail: mittalp@ndf.vsnl.net.in
The volume highlights the issues and concerns confronts the nation under two broad themes-democratic polity and participatory development. The volume contains a collection of fourteen research papers and articles contributed by renowned academics, administrators and activists. After examining numerous aspects of the two core areas, the writers makes vital suggestions for rejuvenating the whole system. Areas of discussion include; Engendering Democratic Politics in India; Party System, Electoral Process and Public Concerns; Political Leadership; People’s Democracy; Public Policy Perspectives; Fourth Tier in Indian Federalism; Crisis in Indian Polity; Infrastructure for Universal Education; Domestication and Liberation in Education; Women in Grassroots Decentralised Educational Administration; Voluntary Organisations and Rural Development; Rural Employment Programmes and Synergetic Action for Participatory Development. The views and opinions expressed by the contributors are of immense value for policy makers, planners, administrators and academicians for restructuring and revamping policies and strategies related to democratic political process in the days to come.

(17)Tourism Under Globalisation
Authors Press, E-35, Jawahar Park, Laxmi Nagar, New Delhi-110092, Rs.750/-. 2008, page.337
E-mail: authorspress@yahoo.com.
Ph: 011-22436299/22460145, Fax: 91-11-22460145
India is a multi-faceted country with vast potential for tourist attraction. It has a rich architectural legacy dating to an ancient past. There are timeless monuments, magnificent temples and breathtaking sites. No doubt India is endowed with an imperishable interest on land that all men desire to have seen and having seen once by even a glimpse would not give that glimpse for the shows of all the globe combined. Tourism industry in India play a significant role in transforming the society and economy. As an instrument for development, it contributes to sustainable human development through poverty alleviation, employment generation and environmental regeneration in remote and backward areas. Indian tourism industry is poised for a major breakthrough in the new millennium due to infrastructural development spread of telecommunication network and importance of service sector in nation building. An integrated approach with multi pronged strategy alone can yield rich fruits in tourism sector in the years ahead.
Against this backdrop, this anthology of 26 articles embodies critical examination of various issues and concerns of Tourism Industry. It also presents valuable measures for uplifting its standard to meet the growing challenges of tomorrow. The major topics covered in this volume are categorised under two broad heads-Tourism Marketing and Facets of Tourism, which include Tourism Marketing, Human Resource Planning in Tourism Sector, Brand Positioning of India,
E-marketing of Tour Products, Quality of Worklife in Star Hotels, Customer Service Quality in Travel and Tour Sectors, Facets of Tourism, Challenges of Indian Tourism, Bollywood for the promotion of Tour Industry, Eco Tourism, Sustainable Development, Beach Tourism, Mass Tourism, Aqua Tourism, Medical Tourism, Pilgrimage Tourism, Village Tourism, Island Tourism, Kerala Tourism, Chattisgarh Tourism, Career opportunities in Tourism, Tourism Careers in Universities, Tourism Economy of Malabar etc.

(18)Democratic Governance: The Indian Experience (Two Volumes)
Kanishka Publishers and Distributors, 4697/5-21A, Ansari Road,
Darya Gang, New Delhi-110002, pp 712, 2009, Rs.1750/-(set)

The history of the working of Indian democracy is in a sense, the history of India’s socio-political and economic transition in the past six decades. Any chronicle of political events, and any narrative of public debate since independence would say something of consequence about India’s democracy. The emergence of democracy in India has to be seen as a phenomenon of evolution, as a part of civilizational stream. At a time when a third of the world was colonized, enslaved and exploited the rest of the world, both land and population, 18th century witnessed the craving for freedom. It was as a part of the new dawn, the craving, that India had emerged as a champion of freedom from colonialism, and became the epicenter of a war without armed might and violence. The soil conditions emerged rife to make freedom and democracy synonymous. At the end of a century of struggle, India emerged as a democracy, and was described as the role - model of democracy, the light of Asia. It is in this canvas, India’s democracy at sixty one raises certain questions as to how we had continued the saga of freedom and discharged our responsibilities that accompanied freedom.
Volumes have been written about the diversified phases, facets and aspects of the society, polity and democracy of India. A modest attempt has been made in this volume to highlight six vital areas which confronts, affects and influence the very destiny of the nation viz., political dynamics, developmental aspects, social concerns, human rights questions, women empowerment and bilateral relations. A review based on these parameters suggests a yawning democratic deficit in India that calls for a plan of agenda action and mechanism to remould and correct the missing beats of Indian democracy. No doubt, this volume offers a critical insights into the six decades of Indian Politics and Governance. Written with clarity and elegance this volume will be pleasurable for anyone interested in the recent political history and governance of world’s largest democracy.

(19) Strategic Management, Social Security and Banking Sector Reforms: Issues and Concerns
Authors Press, E-35, Jawahar Park, Laxmi Nagar, New Delhi-110092, Rs.700/-, 2010, Pages.272
Year 2009. E-mail: authorspress@yahoo.com.
Ph: 011-22436299/22460145, Fax: 91-11-22460145
Strategic management is the art, science and craft of formulating, implementing and evaluating cross-functional decisions that will enable an organization to achieve its long-term objectives. It is the process of specifying the organization’s mission, vision and objectives, developing policies and plans, often in terms of projects and programs, which are designed to achieve these objectives, and then allocating resources to implement the policies and plans, projects and programs. Strategic management seeks to coordinate and integrate the activities of the various functional areas of a business in order to achieve long-term organizational objectives. A balanced scorecard is often used to evaluate the overall performance of the business and its progress towards objectives.
In contrast to Strategic Management, Social security refers to a social insurance program providing social protection, or protection against socially recognized conditions, including poverty, old age, disability, unemployment and others.
In tune with the changing issues related the strategic management and j social security issues, the Indian banking industry has undergone major changes especially after liberalization and globalization reforms in the 1990’s. Against this backdrop, this collection of 23 articles contributed by / renowned academics, embodies critical analysis of various aspects of the topic. The volume has been broadly categorized under three parts, Part - I examines v areas related to strategic management, Part - II highlights problems connected / with social security and the concluding part unfolds issues and concerns of banking sector.

20) Development Issues in Contemporary India
(Concept Publishing Company, A/15-16, Commercial Block, Mohan Garden, New Delhi-110059, Ph: 011-25351460, e-mail: publishing@conceptpub.com)

The founding fathers of the Indian constitution choose democracy as a form of governance, because it is the best and most suited form of government that has ever evolved over centuries. The other reasons include, democracy responds to the needs and aspirations of the people; sustained by the consent of the governed; address their concerns; accountable and responsible to the people. Moreover, India is the largest democracy on earth in terms of its size and population. The very magnitude of its function is daunting, baffling and astonishing. It is a gigantic organization that commands respect and admiration from its friends and foes alike. It is a fledging democracy which has just completed six decades of existence, which is infinitesimal period in the life of a nation. Certainly it is in the process of evolving, developing and maturing. It has survived four wars thrust upon it by its hostile neighbours and it is constantly threatened by its enemies both externally and internally. It is compacting ruthless, unrelenting, dreadful terrorism since its inception as a sovereign state.
Against this backdrop, this collection of 29 articles contributed by renowned academics, embodies critical analysis of the various aspects of the topic. The volume has been broadly categorized under five categories. Part - 1 examines developmental projects, action plans and good governance. Part - II highlights issues on human rights. Topic of discussion in part - III is on education and development. Part - IV highlights the issues and concerns of the marginalized and the concluding part presents the varies aspects of regionalism.

 

21) Rural Development under decentralized governance ( In Press )

21) Gender Ethinicity, Insurgency and the Era of Globalization ( In Press)

 

Details of Research Papers and Articles Published by Dr. M.R. Biju
(As on 1st June 2011)
1. Democratic Decentralisation in an Indian State: Kerala, The Indian Journal of Political Science, Vol. LII, No.3, July-September 1991
2. The Eighth Lok Sabha Polls in Kerala, Indian Journal of Political Studies, Volume 14, December 1990.
3. Panchayat Polls in West Bengal and Kerala - A comparitive Apprisal, Journal of Political Studies, Volume No. 23, No.1, February 1990
4. LDF’s Repeat Performace : Kerala’s Local Body Elections, Economic and Political Weekly, Volume XXX, Nos. 41, 42, October 21, 1995
5. The First District Council Polls (1991) in Kerala, Journal of Institute of the Society of Developing Areas, Volume 2, No. 2, December 1992.
6. Kerala Municipality Act, 1994: A long way from Real Autonomy, Review of Social Sciences Vol. I, No.3, July 1995.
7. Kerala Panchayati Raj Act, 1994: Political Expediency over People’s Intiative, Panchayat Sandesh, Volume 12, March 1995. Review of Social Sciences, Volume 1 No.3, July 1995.
8. Panchayati Raj Polls (1995) in Kerala, Panchayat Sandesh, Volume 11and 12, April 1996.
9. The Salient Features of the Kerala Panchayat Raj Act, 1994, Panchayati Raj Update, Volume 15, March 1995.
10. Democratic Decentralization on Gandhian Perspective, Panchayat Sandesh, Volume 35, Issue 3-4, July 1995.
11. Financial Organisation of Panchayati Raj Institutions in Kerala, Kurukshetra, Volume XLIV, No.7, April 1996.
12. Panchayati Raj in Kerala: Retrospect and Prospect, Panchayat Sandesh Volume 2 and 3, May and June 1996
13. Kerala Municipality Act 1994, Panchayati Raj Update, Issue 29, May 1996.
14. State Finance Commission Reports 1996 in Kerala and Karnataka - A Report, Southern Economist, Volume 35, No. 14, November 1996.
15. Polution Control in Kerala: Role of the Panchayati Raj Institutions, Kurushetra, February 1997.
16. Rural Planning Process : Role of The People’s Guidence Committees, Panchayat Sandesh, Volume, 6, September 1996.
17. The Election Commission of India: Impartial Guardian of Democracy, Indian Communicator, 15th February, 1996.
18. Panchayat Elections in Kerala, Kurushetra, Volume XLIV, No. 3, December 1995.
19. Panchayati Raj in Kerala: Challenges Ahead, Panchayat Sandesh, Volume 35, Issue 9-10, December 1995.
20. Inter-State Water Disputes in India, Indian Communicator, 5th March 1996.
21. Inter-State Water Disputes in India, Indian Communicator, 6th March 1996.
22. Sarvodaya Approach to Democratic Decentralization, Panchayat Sandesh, Volume 35, Issue 9-10, December 1995.
23. Jayaparkash Narayanan on Democratice Decentralisation, Panchayat Sandesh, Volume 11, April 1996
24. Kerala Panchayati Raj Act, 1994, Panchayat Sandesh, Vol.XII, Issue 34, March 1995
25. Panchayat Finance Commission Report 1996 and PRIs in Kerala, Panchayat Sandesh,
6th September 1996.
26. People’s Campaign: PRIs in Kerala Towards a New Dawn, Panchayat Sandesh, Issue 7, December 1996.
27. Contribution of Balwantrai Mehta and Asoka Mehta, Panchayati Raj, Vol. 36, Issue 12, March 1997.
28. Panchayati Raj in Kerala: Problems and Prospects, Kurukshetra, Vol.XLVI, No. 7, April 1998.
29. M. N. Roy: A Radical Humanist, Indian Communicator, 23rd February 1996.
30. M. N. Roy: A Radical Humanist, Indian Communicator, 24th February 1996.
31. Gandhiji and Panchayati Raj, Indian Communicator, Octorber 5 and 6, 1995.
32. Lokpal : A Shattered Dream, Indian Communicator, 24th December 1995.
33. Kerala Muncipality Act : A Model for Democratic Participation, Indian Communicator, 22 September, 1995.
34. Kerala Panchayati Raj Act 1994 : A Chance to Empower People, Indian Communicator, 21st September 1995
35. The Eighth Lok Sabha Polls in Kerala - An over view, Indian Political Science Abstracts, 47th Annual Conference, Ujjain, December 1990.
36. Lokpal - Oru Chirakala Swapnathinde Sakashatkaram (Malayalam), Yojana, Volume 24, Issue 8, March 1996
37. Panchayati Raj - Sarvodaya Kazchapadil (Malayalam), Panchayati Raj, Book No. 36, Volume 2, May 1996.
38. Kerala Muncipality Act 1994, Panchayati Raj Update, Volume 29, May 1996.
39. Panchayati Raj - Gandhiyan Veekshanathil (Malayalam), Mukharekha, Volume 1. No. 7, October 1996,
40. Panchayati Raj Niyamavum Keralavum (Malayalam), Mukharakha, Volume 1, No.7, November 1996
41. Muncipal Niyamavum Kerlavum (Malayalam), Mukharekha, Violume 1, No. 9, December 1996.
42. Participation and perception of Women in the Electoral Politics of India, Indian Research Essence, Volume No. 1, November, 1999
43. Local Body Polls 2000 in Kerala: Warning Signs for the Left, South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), December 2000
44. Panchayati Raj and Anti-Defection Ordinance in Kerala, Kurukshetra, Vol. 47, No.5, February 1999.
45. Local Body Polls in Kerala, Mainstream, Vol. XXXIX, 21 April 2001
46. Assembly Polls 2001 in Kerala: Spectacular show by the Congress and its Allies, South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), Vol 2 No. 1 December 2001
47. Human Rights: Evolution, Issues and Challenges, South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), Vol 2 No. 2, June 2002
48. Hospitality Industry in Kerala: Performances and Promises, South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), Vol 2, No. 2, December 2002
49. Management of Hospitality Industry: The Indian Perspective, South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), Vol 3, No. 2, June 2003
50. Global Tourism : The Evolutionary Process, South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), Vol 3 No. 1 December 2002
51. PRIs in India: The Kerala Experience, Indian Journal of Grassroots Governance,
Vol - I, No: 2
52. Rural Local self Government in India: Challenges Ahead, Punjab Journal of Politics,
Vol : XXVII, No : 11, June Dec 2003
53. Panchayati Raj in India: Under Threats, South Asia Politics, Vol. I, Issue 11, March 2003.
54. Indian Democracy and Empowerment of Women, South Asia Politics, April 2003.
55. Municipal Administration in India : Politics and Policies, South Asian Journal of
Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), Vol - 4, No : 1, Dec 2003.
56. Ecotourism : Tourism of the New Millennium, South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), Vol - 4, No : 1, Dec 2003.
57. Politics of Women’s Reservation in India, South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), Vol - 4, No : 1, June 2003.
58. Ecotourism in Kerala, South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), Vol - 5, No: 1, Dec 2004.
59. Panchayati Raj under the UPA Government, South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), Vol - 5, No : 1, Dec 2004.
60. Assembly Polls in Delhi, M.P, Rajasthan and Chattisgarh, South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), Vol - 4, No : 2, June 2004.
61. Women’s Empowerment and Grassroots Democracy In India, The Meerut Journal of Political Science and Public Administration, Vol.7. No 1& 2, Jan-Dec,2004
62. Women’s Empowerment In India: Changing Socio-Political Equations, South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), Vol - 5, No : 2, June 2005.
63. Political, Fiscal and Administrative Reforms under Globalisation, South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), Vol - 6, No : 1, Dec 2005
64. Local Body Polls(2005) In Kerala: A Tough Time Ahead For the UDF, South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), Vol. 6, No. 2 June 2006.
65. Stress and strains of neighbourhood Diplomacy, The Atlantic Journal of World Affairs, Volume 2. No.1, Januray – March 2006.
66. Democratic Decentralization in an Indian State: Kerala International Political Science Abstracts, Paris, France, Volume 42, No.3, August 1992.
67. Assembly Polls 2006 in Kerala: Red Storm Knockd Down the U.D.F., South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), Vol 7, No.1, December 2006.
68. Kerala: Moving for Another Assembly Poll, Yoganadam, Vol. XXXI, Issue 13, 15th April 2006
69. Kerala: Victory of the Electorate, Yoganadam, Vol. XXXI, 30th June, 2006.
70. Decentralized Planning in Kerala, Yoganadam, Vol. XXXI, Issue 6, 15th December 2005.
71. Decentralized Planning in Kerala, Yoganadam, Vol. XXXI, Issue 5, 30th December 2005.
72. Contributed a chapter The Eighth Lok Sabha Poll in Kerala in the book entitled “People’s Mandate”, edited by Prof. V. M. Bachel.
73. Contributed a chapter The Saga of Decentralization in Kerala: Unique Model of Participatory Planing Process. in the book captioned “People’s Power and Panchayati Raj: Theory and Practice”, Edited by Dr. Sebasti. L. Raj and Edward Mathais, Institute of Social Studies, New Delhi.
74. Contributed a chapter on decentralization in Kerala in the volume Political Interluds in Kerala (Edited by Dr. K. Raman Pillai) brought out by State Institute of Languages, Govt. of Kerala in January 2001.
75. Contributed a chapter entitled people’s particicpation in the electoral politics of Gras roots democracy of Kerala, in the volume Empowerment of people: Process, Facets and Consequences Edited by Dr. Venkitaravi, Council for Social Development (In press)
76. Contributed a chapter entitled Kerala’s Democratic Decentralisation: History in the remaking in Panchayati Raj in India: Issues and Challenges, Edited by Prof. E.A.Narayana, Head Department of Politics and Public Administration, Andhra University (Forthcoming)
77. Contributed a chapter entitled Decntralised planning process in Kerala, Volume edited by Dr.P.ChennaReddy, PST University, Andhra Pradesh. (Forthcoming)
78. Contributed a chapter entitled Participation of Women in the Electoral Politics of India, Volume edited by Dr.P.ChennaReddy, PST University, Andhra Pradesh. (Forthcoming)
79. Contributed a chapter entitled Human Rights: Evolution, issues and challenges, Volume edited by Dr. B.N. Ghosh, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkatta. (Forthcoming)
80. Contributed a chapter in Urban Development Debates in the New Millennium edited by Dr. K.R. Gupta, Atlantic Publishers, New Delhi, 2004.
81. Contributed a chapter on Pachayati Raj in Kerala in the volume entitled Panchayati Raj in India, Edited by T.M. Joseph, (Publication Division, Newman's College, Thodupuzha, Kerala, 2008).
82. Contributed a chapter on Ecotourism in the volume Tourism Management, Edited by M. Sarngadharan, New Age, New Delhi, 2005.
83. Tribal Development in India: Issues and Strategies, South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), Vol. 7, No. 1, June 2007.
84. Facets of Tourism: Global and National Dimensions, South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), Vol. 8, No. 1, December 2007.
85. Fiscal Decentralisation: Issues and Concerns, South Asia Politics, Vol. 6, No. 5, September 2007.
86. Women’s Empowerment: Socio-Political Concerns, South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), June 2008.

87. Fiscal Decentralisation: Global and National Perspectives, The Indian Journal of Political Science,
Vol. LXIX, No. 2, April–June 2008, Page 279–286
88. Democracy, Decentralisation and Gandhi, in A.S.B.V. Rao and K.S. Rao (Ed.), Some Reflections on Gandhian thought, Gandhian Studies Centre, Andhra University, 2008
89. Human Rights and Social Justice under Decentralisation, South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), June 2009
90. Lok Sabha polls in Kerala, Yoganadam, Vol. 35, Issue 19, June 1 - 16, 2009.
91. Political Significance of the 15th Lok Sabha polls (2009) in India : verdict for stability, economic reforms and secularism, South Asian Politics, Vol. 8, No : 4, Aug 2009.
92. Lok Sabha Polls 2009 : Anti Left Wave in Kerala, South Asia Politics, Vol : 8, No : 4, Sept 2009.

93. Local Body Polls 2010 in Kerala: UDF Smases LDF Fortresses, Mainstream, Vol:XLVIII, No:48, 20 November 2010.
94.  Kerala Local Body Polls 2010, South Asia Politics, Vol.IX, No:9, Jan.2011.
95. Kerala’s Local Self Government in the context of 2010 Polls, Kesari, Vol:59, No:44, 07 November 2010.
96. Local Body Polls in Kerala: An Overview, Yoganadam, Vol.37, Issue.6, November 16-30, 2010 and Vol.37, Issue 7, December 1-15, 2010.

97.       Local Body Polls in Kerala, Mainstream, Vol. XXXIX, 21 April 2001
98.       Local Body Polls(2005) In Kerala: A Tough Time Ahead For the UDF, South Asian, Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), Vol. 6, No. 2 June 2006.
99. Local Self Government Administration in Kerala in the context of Civic Polls 2010,  Kesari, Vol : 59, Issue : 44, 7 November 2010.
100.    Local Body Polls 2010 in Kerala: UDF smashes LDF Fortresses, Mainstream, Vol. XLVIII, No. 48, New Delhi, 27 November, 2010.
101.    Local Body Polls in Kerala, South Asia Politics, Vol. IX, No.9, January 2011.
102.    Political Significance of the 15th Lok Sabha Polls in Kerala, South Asia Politics, August 2009.
103.    Local Body Polls in Kerala, Journal of Political Science, Vol. VII, No.1, April 2011.
104.    Assembly Polls 2011 in Kerala, Mainstream, Vol. XLIX, 21 May 2011.