July - December, 2011 (Vol. XII No.1)

1.Contentious Issues in Israel-Palestine Relations : 
A Historical Perspective 
Dr. S.H. Patil, Professor of Political Science, Karnataka University, Dharwad, Ex-ICSSR Senior fellow and UGC Emeritus fellow 
The city of Jerusalem is one of the oldest cities in the world with three holy places for the Jews (the Wailing Wall – 3000 years old), for the Christians (Sepulcher Church – 1600 years old) and for the Muslims (Al Aqsa – 1300 years old). It has been in existence for more than four thousand years. It was built by Jebusite king, a pre-Jewish king, Melchizedek, belonging to the Jebusite community, 
on the Judean hills before Abraham, the patriarch of the Jews, came to the city of Jerusalem in 1900 B.C. from Babylon(modern Iraq). 

The oversea Jews, who retained their identity, planned to return to their homeland, God Promised Land, after 2000 years. They felt that they were a strong community without a legal state of their own.10 The World Zionist Organization was established by Mr.Theodore Herzl in 1870 to secure a homeland for the Jews in Palestine and was accepted by all the Jews as their fundamental organization 


2.WTO: Trade Law and Policy 

Dr. M. Krishnaveni, Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, LRG Government Arts College for Women, Tirupur, Tamil Nadu 

The World Trade Organisation (WTO), with a central location in Geneva, is the only international body that deals with the rules of trade between nations worldwide. The nexus of the WTO are the agreements it has established which represent the foundations for policies on international trade and commerce. The agreements are the foundation of the multi-lateral trading system and are concerned with helping trade flow freely, the achievement of trade liberalisation through negotiation, and the settling disputes concerned with trade. The main aims of the WTO include: working as a forum for trade negotiations; administrating the agreements; monitoring national trade policy; co-operating with other international organisations; and providing technical assistance and training for developing countries. Current projects of the WTO are focused around the research and analysis of various topics dealing with trade and more recently globalization including, but not limited to: the environment, trade liberalisation 
and sustainable development, banking, and education. The rapidly developing globalised economy and the impact of the Internet have been a main concern of the WTO in more recent reports. 


3.Establishing a Brand in Education Service Industry 

S. E. Kannan, Professor, School of Management, Vel Tech Dr. RR & Dr.SR Technical University, Chennai 

In many countries across the world, increasingly service sector is playing an important role in the nation’s development. Emphasis is shifting from manufacturing sector to service sector, in all the frontier domains such as information and communication technology, health care, financial, education, infotainment, biotechnology etc. In India `Educational` service is one area which has emerged beyond expectations in the recent times. Many institutions in education service industry, set up by educational and charitable trusts, philanthropists and industrialists, are meeting to some extent the ever growing demand for education in the country, supplementing the government efforts. Year on year more number of educational institutions is being set up especially for higher education but the quality of education offered has is not at desired level. Establishing a `brand` for education product offered is an approach that can be adopted by the educational service industry constituent, so that they can offer a unique and differentiated product to their customer. This paper brings out the steps in such an approach towards `branding`, which not only improves the quality of education service offered by the industry, bringing in rich rewards education service industry constituent over the years. Keywords: Branding, Education, Quality approach 


4.Capacity Building of Communities Under Watershed Development Programme 

Dr. Madhu Thawani, Assistant Professor & Dr. Priti Garg, Professor, Department of Public Administration, V.N.South Gujarat 
University, Surat 

Capacity-building is the process and means through which Governments and local communities develop the necessary skills and expertise to manage their environment and natural resources in a sustainable manner. Governments have emphasized the participation of the people in various development programmes, to empower people and communities engaged in these programmes, so that their capacity is sustained after the programme ends. This paper examines the efforts made under Watershed 
Development Programme for Community Capacity Building in Songadh Taluka, Tapi District in the State of Gujarat. Keywords: Community, Community Capacity Building, Watershed, Watershed Development 


5.Ship Building in South India: Chola Tradition 

Amita Agarwal, Head, Department of Political Science, Govt. S.K.College, Sikar, Rajasthan 

As someone working on prospects of peace in Indian Ocean, piracy and non- traditional threats to maritime security of India, I naturally became interested in naval history of India. This led me to study what types of boats/ ships were used in naval expeditions in ancient times in India and what could be better than studying period the eleventh century. Contrary to this popular notion that India was never a naval power at least some references to its maritime environment are found right from the beginning of recorded history. Such references are already found in Rigveda (‘Do thou convey us in a ship across the sea for our welfare’, 1,97,8) where ships and boats are referred to. A number of factors had contributed to development of Indian shipping in ancient and medieval times. e.g. Pilgrims visited to and from India to all these parts frequently and this also required ships to transport them and has been well referred to. As far as the Chola kingdom is concerned it had trade relations with China and countries of Southeast Asia that required great seaman ship and ship –industry Many scholars are of the view that Chola kings also had expansionistic ambitions. Whether these ambitions generated due to prosperity that came with foreign trade and to keep trade routes open and uninterrupted with Southeast Asia or whether the kings backed by their might decided to control these areas to ensure continuity in trade can be a matter of debate. But one thing is certain whatever the reason all such activities might have been they needed great support from the navy. It can be concluded that whatever may have been the reasons of the Chola naval expedition, there must have been sufficient South Indian experts in the art of shipbuilding. Ancient Indian knowledge of shipping may have provided a background to them, as the ship craft was well developed in ancient India. The proposed paper discusses the ships built in the ancient India with special reference to Cholas and their expeditions in the South east Asia. 


6. General Self-efficacy and General Anxiety of Women Teacher Students 

Mohammad Sheikhiani, Research scholar, Department of Psychology, University of Kerala, Trivandrum 

This study sought to determine the relationship between general self-efficacy and general anxiety among women teacher students’ of Boushehr University Iran. The correlation research design was used to conduct the study. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 120 participants from the women teacher students’ on the basis of their training fields into five groups: 
Mathematics, Primary School, Experimental Sciences, Religion and Arabic and Social Studies Teaching. The age range of the participants was between 18 and 21years. Two validated instruments (General Self-efficacy Scale & State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) were used in collecting data. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was utilized to analyze data. The results from this study showed that a moderate negative but significant association exists between general self-efficacy and general anxiety [state anxiety(r=-.37, p< 0.01), trait anxiety(r=-.58, p< 0.01), and state-trait anxiety(r=-.49, p< 0.01)].The moderate negative relationship between general self-efficacy and general anxiety indicates that general self-efficacy might be an indicator for anxiety among women teacher students. Based on this finding, it was suggested that enhancing self- ¬efficacy behaviors of women teacher 
students’ would boost mental health. Keywords: General Self – efficacy, General Anxiety, Teacher Students. 




7. Consumerism and Service Quality in Hypermarkets 


S. Syed Kahdar, Associate Professor, Department of Commerce and Management Studies, Besant Women’s College, Mangalore and Dr. B. Balaji, Dean, School of Management, Vel Tech Dr. RR & Dr. SR Technical University, Chennai 


There has been a phenomenal growth in Retail sector in India besides changing consumerism. Hypermarkets have begun to play a prominent role and are redefining lifestyle needs and aspirations. This doctoral-level research aims to ascertain the level of service 
quality in hypermarkets and issues related to consumerism. Keywords: Hypermarkets, Service Quality, Consumerism 

8.Suicidal Ideation Among Adolescents: An Alert to Suicide 


Dr. RajKumari Kalra , Associate Professor, Faculty of Education, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra and Preeti Manani, ResearchScholar, Faculty of Education, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra 


The present study investigated the suicidal ideation among the students of different Boards of examination and gender. The sample of the study consisted of 180 students of U.P. Board, CBSE Board and I.S.C. Board of affiliated schools of Agra city, 60 students in each group (30 boys and 30 girls). The age range of the students was 16- 18 years. Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) developed by Reynolds (1987) was used to measure the level of suicidal ideation. Results revealed that students of U.P. board have 
higher level of suicidal ideation than the students of ISC board and CBSE board. Students of CBSE board have higher level of suicidal ideation than the students of ISC board but lower than the students of U.P. Board. Result shows that there is no significant 
difference in suicidal ideation among male and female students. 


9.Communication of Environmental Education for Common People 

Dr. Debasish Pradhan, brarian, St. Joseph’s College, Darjeeling (W.B.); and Dr. Tridib Tripathi, Reader, Department 
of Library and Information Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan (W.B.). 


Whatever the consciousness of impure external environmental effects on living beings and inanimate beings, it can somehow be proved that it affects human well-being as well. It has been envisaged that the absence of awareness of environmental problems has led to the degradation of environment. The greatest damage being done to our planet today is that being done by humans. Common people should therefore be communicated, and educated to an optimum level so as to develop an environmental awareness. Communication is a process of passing information and understanding from one person to another. Communication of environmental education (EE) is therefore a procedure that seeks to inform, motivate and empower individuals with an understanding of environmental problems, and the skills to solve them. EE is quite different from environmental information (EI) which refers to data, statistics and other qualitative and quantitative materials that decision makers require to assess the condition and trends in environment and to determine the policy directions. The objectives of EE are: to inform people; to motivate people; and to guide them into action. The essentials of EE are to be properly identified and penetratively communicated. Different possible approaches on EE are to be successfully implemented. Different national and international organizations and many countries have already focused their men, money and media to promote the environment but the equation is still in infancy as far as the achievements are required. The barriers of communication are to be overcome. EE for common people is a complex activity. EE 
should be the concern of everybody engaged in any form of community welfare work. Keywords: Communication Channel; Environmental Education; Environmental Information 


10. Prioritization of extension activities for development work by the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Nagaland, India 

Dr. N. K. Patra, Assistant Professor, & M. N. Odyuo, Research Scholar, Department of Agricultural Extension, School of Agricultural Sciencesand Rural Development, Nagaland University, Nagaland, Dr. Sagar Mondal, Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension,Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal and Dr. A. K. Makar, Associate Professor and Head, Departmentof Rural Development and Planning, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Nagaland 


Nagaland is one of the States in India; large numbers of NGOs are involved in developmental works with various objectives. In each developmental work, various extension activities are included without proper judgment of the applicability and rationality of the 
extension activity and capability of the organization to handle and use the extension activity for the implementation of the project. The present study was conducted in six districts out of eleven districts of Nagaland, India. In this study 45 identified NGOs were 
included and 120 employees of NGOs (45 higher levels of employees and 75 lower levels of employees) were considered as respondents. Five extension activities viz., demonstration, training, campaigning, free input supply and input supply on payment were identified and presented in 10 possible pairs (combinations) to the respondents and they were asked to select one extension activity over the other from each pair separately, which was considered more preferable from their point of view. After that the method of Paired Comparisons was followed to establish the hierarchy of extension activities. The preference of extension activities as per scale value is as follows: training is the highly preferred extension activity and input supply on payment is the least preferred extension activity. Demonstration is the second preferred extension activity followed by campaigning and free input supply. Capacity building and skill up-gradation of beneficiaries is in top most priority and free of cost and subsidized input supply to the beneficiaries is not considered crucial for developmental work. Key words: NGO, development, extension activity, training, demonstration, campaigning, input supply on payment, free input supply, paired comparisons 


11.Administration of Schools in Madurai District: A New Revolution 


Siluvai Nesa Pandian, Assistant Professor, School of Management, Vel Tech Dr. RR & Dr. SR Technical University, Chennai 


Under the Local Boards Act, 1871, Local Boards were constituted and empowered to open schools and get subsidy from the government. The Madras Elementary Education Act, 1920 enabled the local bodies to levy an educational cess on land or property tax for advancement of elementary education. In1920 elementary education was taken from the District Boards and entrusted to the Taluk Boards and the Municipalities and the power of according recognition to aided elementary schools was transferred from the Education Department to the District Education Councils. In 1934 the Taluk Boards were abolished and elementary schools administration was entrusted again to the District Boards. In 1939, District Education Councils were also abolished and the power to 
recognize elementary schools was restored once again to the Education Department. 
The management of the school is being carried out by the Board of Management or Registered Society or Trusts or Religious missionaries. The board consists of Presidents, Secretary, Correspondent, Treasurer and few other members. The board takes decision on rules and regulations for running the school. The Head Master of the school is in charge of implementing the decisions of the board in the day today activities of the school. 


12.Building the Sustainability of HRD: Aligning HR Practices towards 
Total Quality Performance 


Dr. B. BALAJI, Dean, School of Management, Vel Tech Dr. RR. & Dr. SR Technical University, Chennai 


Quality has been integrated into our values, beliefs and habits. We employ the principals of total quality management to deliver what we call Total Quality Performance (TQP). TQP is viewed by organizations as a journey. It is a significant effort over time to produce satisfied clients, empowered employees, higher revenue and lower costs with a focus on the long term. Whatever be the procedures and world-class infrastructure in place, the human intellectual capital is the prime resource. This paper, which is based on Doctoral-level research work, presents the impact of HR practices on TQP. The findings and implications are the outcome of the research done at a reputed company, one of the leading firms in the Indian Diesel automobile industry. The research examined the level of customer-centric approach (both internal and external customers), policies and practices, KSA upgradation, training and development, compensation, integration, appraisal, retention strategies and quality of work life (QWL). This breakthrough study is of immense value and the implications are universal. This paper suggests strategies to align HR practices towards total quality performance thereby ensuring a sustainable HRD. Keywords: Operational Efficiency, Human Resources, Strategies 


13.Endowment Insurance: The View of Policy Holders and Intermediaries 


Jogish D, Professor and Head, Department of Management Studies, Sai Vidya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 


The concept of insurance is closely related to security. Insurance acts as a protective shield against risk and future uncertainties. 
Traditionally, a risk-averse behaviour has been a characteristic feature of Indians who preferred a ‘low and certain’ disposable income to a ‘high and uncertain’ income. Hence insurance has become a close associate of Indians since 1818, when the Oriental Life Insurance Company was set up by Europeans in Kolkata to cater to the needs of their own community. The age was characterised by intense racial discrimination as Indian insurance policy holders were charged higher premiums than their foreign counterparts. The first Indian insurance company to cover Indian lives at normal rates was the Bombay Mutual Life Assurance 
Society which was established in the year 1870. 


14.An Empirical Study on Environmental Awareness, Attitude and 
Behaviour of Consumers 

Prof. Laxmi R. Kulshrestha, Head, Deptt. of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences and Priya Sauni, (Research Scholar) Deptt. of 
Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra 


‘Green Consumerism’ aims at protecting the consumers against environmentally harmful products and practices. It has increased the interest of consumers in environmental impact of the products they buy. The present paper move on the extent to which Indian consumers are environmentally aware, feel concerned with the environmental problems and engage in environmentally responsible 
behaviour. The finding of the study indicates that consumers had positive attitude towards the environment. It indicates that consumers were concerned about the quality of the environment but they ranked their economic concerns prior to environmental 
concerns. 

15.Dividend Decision – Its Relevance on Share Value Determination 


Dr.M.N.Periasamy, Head, Department of Commerce, Muthayammal College of Arts & Science, Rasipuram, Namakkal Dist. and 
Dr.T.R.Ganesan, Head, Department of Commerce, Thiruvallyvar Govt. Arts College, Rasipuram, Namakkal Dist., Tamil Nadu. 


Share prices reflect the market evaluation of the company’s performance. In other words, the price of a stock is an indicator of how the market evaluates the current and future profitability of the company. The return from investment in stocks occurs in two forms namely regular income in the form of dividends and capital appreciation. People are interested in investing their capital in the stocks where, not only the earnings in terms of the expected dividends but also an appropriate market value are ensured. Therefore, it is also an indication of the public judgement on the efficiency of the use of capital and also the value of assets held by the firm. In a stock exchange, because of the forces of competition, the securities are generally expected to be evaluated at their true worth, taking into account all the relevant factors, present and prospective, concerning not only the particular enterprise and industry, but also the general economic and financial situation. But since the shares are traded like commodities, the traders i.e. brokers and speculators sometimes also manipulate the prices artificially. Thus the factors influencing share prices can be broadly categorised as (a) general economic factors including market imperfections and (b) firm specific factors which includes operating and financial performance and also perceived managerial abilities. There is theoretical evidence that dividend announcements of companies convey new information to investors and therefore affect stock prices. Several studies on impact of dividend payments on stock prices have been undertaken in developed countries. It was found that there was no unanimity in the results as to the effect, i.e., 
whether dividend announcement and payment had an effect in stock values. Hencethis study on the Indian stock market. 


16.Stress and Depression Among Women Bank Employees in Tamilnadu - An Empirical Study 


N. Mohan, Assistant Professor/MBA Paavai Engineering college, NH-7, Pachal, Namakkal, Tamil nadu and Dr. J. Ashok Associate 
Professor/MBA, Bannari amman Institute of tech, Sathyamangalam 


The advent of technological revolution coupled with globalization, privatization policies have dramatically changed the patterns in all sectors especially the banking sector and that has resulted in stress among the Women employees. This study was conducted in Chennai , Trichy and coimbatore of Tamilnadu and the findings are that there is significant level of stress between the banks in the 
nationalized sector and private sector. The stress is found more in nationalized sector and among other things the stress factor role conflicts, lack as senior level support and role overloads. 


17.Strategic Service Management inCellular Mobile Telecom 

N. Bhuvana Devi, Assistant Professor, School of Management, Vel Tech Dr. RR. & Dr. SR Technical University, Chennai 


The cellular mobile telecommunication industry s one of the fastest growing service sectors despite India’s biggest scam. Given the rapid change in technology, service quality is of paramount importance to ensure customer loyalty. Entry of new players and expansion of existing players has made the market highly competitive. This doctoral-level research assessed the level of service quality, ascertained its critical determinants and formulated strategies for efficient service performance. Keywords: Cellular Mobile, Service Quality 


18.Quality of Work Life in Academia 

P. Rames, Research Scholar, R & D Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore and Dr. B. Balaji, Dean, School of Management, 
Vel Tech Dr. RR & Dr. SR Technical University, Chennai 

Quality of work life is associated with various issues like quality of work, work-life balance, inspiration and values, enabling environment, future growth / opportunities, and tangible rewards. This doctoral-level research aims at assessing the level of QWL 
amongst faculty of B-schools, the determinants that impact QWL and strategies for smooth implementation. Keywords: QWL, Academia 


19.The Management of Service Operation 

P. Valliappan, Research Scholar, Dept. of Adult & Continuing Education, University of Madras & Dr. G. Sundharavadivel, 
Asst.Professor, Dept. of Adult & Continuing Education, University of Madras. 


In this article an attempt has been made to study techniques and strategies of operation managers and analysis of a frame work of the operating system, the present status of Service operation in Indian context. This research paper also offers some meaningful 
suggestions to improve the efficient resource utilization for achieving Customer satisfaction, further to Customer Delight. 


20.Special Economic Zone - an Overview 

Dr. V. Santhi, Assistant professor, Dept. of Humanities, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, A. Iyan Adeendren, Pre-final year 
BE Mechanical, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore and N.Jeyekrisna, Pre-final year BE Mechanical, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore 


The SEZ’s could drastically improve the economic activity in the country, make the country’s export competitive and globally noticeable, be net foreign exchange earner and provide immense employment opportunity. But this should not be done at the cost of bringing down the agricultural activities, Land grabbing and real estate mafia should be properly regulated so that the common man is not the net sufferer to get the net foreign exchange earner up and running. As compared to China, where majority of the SEZ’s were setup by the government, similar should be adopted in India, if not fully it should be a public-private partnership and regulatory bodies should be properly managed to weed out fallacies. To be economically viable SEZ’s should be approved over a particular land area (greater than 1000 acres) for rapid economic growth in the area and for it to be profitable and self sustainable. 
Relaxed Tax norms, Labor laws and DTA regulations will surely attract foreign investment and major industries to setup industries in the SEZ’s making it profitable and meeting its desired results! Keywords : Export, Foreign Direct Investment, Multi-national 
Corporations, Operational and Commercial properties


21.Productivity Bargaining in a Corporate Sector– A Study of SCCL 

Dr. V. Maheshwar, Lecturer, Commerce & Business Management, University College of Engineering, K.U., Kothagudem and 
Dr.B.Sridevi, Lecturer, Commerce & Business Management, University College of Engineering, K.U., Kothagudem, Andhra Pradesh 


Productive bargaining is most important dynamic concept. The production is a measure of efficiency with which resources both human as well as material are converted into goods and service. Faster rate of economic growth has been ensured through accelerated production and higher productivity in all branches of economic activity. Human resource being an important input, their productivity plays a significant role in determining the overall economic growth of a nation. Apart from the level of human skills, the quality of raw materials, and technology employed are also responsible for productive human resource. 


22.Performance of Indian Automobile Industry Under Liberalised Regime 

Dr. A. Vijayakumar, Associate Professor in Commerce, Erode Arts and Science College, Erode, TamilNadu 


A lot of changes have taken place in the Indian Financial scenario during the last three decades. These changes have rendered the Indian Financial Market in to the new era. In India, Automobile Industry is recognized as one of the drivers of economic growth as it contributes significantly to the overall GDP of the nation. Therefore, in this article an attempt has been made to study the decadal growth of Indian Automobile Industry, segmentation of the industry, production performance after liberalization, Global and India’s automobile production comparison, problems of the industry and suggest ways and means to improve the performance of Indian Automobile industry. The study concluded that the automobile industry in India has embarked on a new growth path backed by its strong foundation, a favorable environment and growing market. The recent expansion and entry plans create more enthusiasm and optimism. The key is to sustain this confidence by embarking on the new road and at the same time, taking into account and meeting the challenges arising in this path relating to air quality, global warming, fuel efficiency, alternate fuels, safety and urbanization among other area that we need to focus on. Key Word: Indian Automobile Industry, Production Performance, 
Domestic Sales Performance, Export performance, Domestic Market Share and Trend Projection. 


23.An Insight into the Workings of Textiles Export Manufacturers at Tirupur 

Dr. V. Balaji, Assistant Professor of Commerce, Salem Sowdeswari College, Salem , S.Pravin Kumar, Research Scholar (Management), Vinayaka Mission University, Salem, Iyyapasamy, Research Scholar (Management), Vinayaka Mission University, Salem and J.Benjamin, Research Scholar (Management), Vinayaka Mission University, Salem, Tamil Nadu 

This paper first gives an overview of the Indian Textile Industry and data have been collected from various textile companies at Tirupur. This study aims to know about the present situation of the textile exporters. It also shows the various problems faced by the employees and employers. Some of the problems may be due to the internal factors and others may be due to the external factors of the company. There are also prospects in the future market which is also briefly shown. This study will help to solve some uncertainties faced by the companies. The global textile industry has undergone a significant transformation On December 31, 2010, the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) expired, and with it the quota system for international trade in textiles and clothing will no longer be used to govern international trade. As a result, the textile industry in India is going to face greatly increasing competition after 2010. Much of this competition will come from China, whose high capacity to produce textiles. The increased competition from countries like China is only going to make a poor situation appear more desperate. India has a natural competitive advantage in terms of a strong and large multi-fiber base, abundant cheap skilled labour and presence across the entire value chain of the industry ranging from spinning, weaving, and made-up to manufacturers of garments. Textiles contribute around 19 per cent of India’s total annual export earnings. It shows the present trend in the market and also about the future trend. Due to the quota elimination it is easier to export and due to privatization there will be world wide competition. 

24.An impact of Index Gain or Loss on NSE Listed Indian IT Companies’ Stock Prices Gain or Loss 

Dr. S. Ayyappan, Associate Professor, Shakthi Institute of Information and Management, Pollachi and R. Amuthan, Associate Professor and Research Scholar, Anna University of Technology, Coimbatore 

This study is more of an event study methodology. It is involving in to the task of finding out how much is an impact of Index points increase or decrease on Individual stock prices increase or decrease. Index is indicator of over all performance of capital market in any country. When the Index of particular stock exchange is on the rise, it indicates the rising trend of stock prices of all stocks listed in that exchange and vice versa. So the Index points increase or decrease is the significant event in all countries. Here index return or loss is calculated as the difference between previous day index point and today index points. Since 90% of IT stocks are index sentiment driven in India. It is the reason why the researcher had taken IT sector as the sample stock. From the research finding it is quite evident that only one company namely Aptech Limited had got its significant value exceeding 0.05 whose R-square value were 0.002. R-square is the indicator of showing strength of desired result. Due to its low R-square value, its amount of index return impact on stock return was negative; it seems that there is no relevance of Aptech stock price increase or decrease with NIFTY points increase or decrease. The rest of stocks had shown positive results and thereby their stock values are very much impacted by the movements of NIFTY points. Key words used in this study : 1. Index return, 2. Stock return, 3. R-square value, 
4. Significant test 


25.Effect of Phosphobacterium on rooting and growth of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. stem cuttings 

Dr. A. Karthikeyan, Scientist - C, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore and M. Nandhini, PSGR Krishnammal 
College, Coimbatore 

An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of phosphobacteria (Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas straiata on rooting and subsequent growth of stem cuttings of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Uniform sized E.camaldulensis stem cuttings from single mother plant was used for this study and the native B. megaterium and P. striata were inoculated to the cuttings under nursery conditions. The inoculated cuttings were maintained in polytunnel along with IBA treated and un inoculated control cuttings. The stem cuttings were assessed 15 days period of interval and found that phosphobacteria inoculated cuttings showed early rooting and root initiation. The percent of rooting and root initiation was also high in phosphobacteria-inoculated cuttings on par with IBA treated cuttings. The IBA treated cuttings showed 45% of rooting and control cuttings showed 5% of rooting under experimental conditions. Similarly the percent of rooting was highly increased in  


26.Rhizosphere mycoflora of Jatropha curcas L. during summer and winter season 

Usha Chandel, Head, Deptt. of Botany and Microbiology, Govt. W.W. Patankar Girls P.G. College Durg (CG) and Dr. Rekha 
Pimpalgaonkar, Professor, Deptt. of Botany, Govt Nagarjun P.G. Science College, Raipur, Chhattiisgarh 


Rhizosphere mycoflora of Jatropha curcas L. was studied from March07 to June 07 and Nov 07 to Feb 08 and the results were evaluated in terms of their occurrence, frequency and abundance during summer and winter season respectively by using serial dilution method. A total of 7 fungal species were isolated and identified during summer season, whereas 14 rhizosphere fungal species were recorded during winter. The fungal species which were common in both the seasons were Aspergillus niger, A. terreus; Fusarium solani and Pacelomyces lilacinus. During the summer season Pacelomyces lilacinus was found to be the most abundant followed by Aspergillus terreus, and during winter Aspergillus niger was the most abundant species. It also reveals that the occurrence of greater number of rhizosphere fungi during winter season is possibly due to the suitable temperature and soil moisture that favours the association of fungal species around rhizosphere in winter as compared to summer season. The results of the present study lead us to the conclusion that the rhizosphere of Jatropha curcas is a potential habitat for fungal inhabitation. 

27.The Prospects of Community Based Tourism in Developing Rural Areas - A Study on Different Communities of Upper Assam 

Plabita Das, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Sibsagar Girls’ Colllege and Ipsita Bhattacharya, Assistant Professor, Department of English , Sibsagar Girls’ Colllege, Sivasagar, Assam. 

The concept of community Based Tourism is not a very old phenomena and involvement of community has been significant for over 20 years. The involvement of community can make tourism sustainable. Community Based Tourism (CBT) is an unique kind of tourism that aims at maximizing benefits for communities through tourism or contribute to the process of community development. 
The CBT theory was initially proposed by Peter E. Murphy in his book “Tourism: A Community Approach” published in 1985. According to him, CBT proposes that tourism planning should build from an awareness of community values and organizational needs to guide more locally appropriate tourism development. CBT has been used to denote a blend of activities to involve a community based tourist area for the economic development of that particular community. 


28.Historical Monuments: From Legacy to Preservation Logic 

Dr. I. Jayasri, Associate Professor, School of Management, Vel Tech Dr. RR & Dr. SR Technical University, Chennai 


Promotion and preservation of historical monuments and cultural heritage for the benefit of the present as well as future generations needs to be carried forward jointly with active participation and cooperation of not only all sections of society within a 
Nation-State but also the international community as a whole. This paper examines the background of heritage appreciation in India, the example of the Singapore PMB and the preservation logic (strategy) for historical monuments in India. Such a strategy calls for an integrated holistic approach as spelt out. 


29.BOOK REVIEW